This process is called a “motor”, usually represented as a rotating shaft with magnetic fields. There are many Fundamentals of EV powertrain, but in very simple terms, they all utilize opposing electromagnetic fields to create torque. The current creates at least one field through the “wire” in the ‘stator’. The second field can be created by permanent magnets or a second “wire pathway in the rotor. The torque is controlled by varying the current flow.
The electric machine converts electricity to torque to move the vehicle. The design of an electric machine depends on what type of powertrain it will be used with – e-bikes or heavy vehicles like buses, trucks, or trains require different types of motors depending on their weight and speed requirements.
It's well known that Battery technology consulting have a much higher efficiency than gas engines. Electric motors can be around 90% efficient, whereas gas engines peak at around 40%. This means that our cars have no free heat when it's cold outside.
This means that an electric motor can be used to drive the wheels in place of a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE). The ICE is still present but is used only to power accessories such as air conditioning and heating.
Online EV courses states that to achieve this, one need to use an electric motor and an inverter, this has been developed to convert DC from battery packs into AC for household appliances like hair dryers and televisions. In addition, EV Powertrain uses DC motors instead of AC motors because they are quieter at idle speeds and use less energy over time when compared with AC motors.
As we mentioned, the most common type of powertrain is the combustion engine. The combustion engine operates by converting the chemical energy of fuel into kinetic energy that drives the vehicle's wheels through mechanical means such as pistons or turbines (see Figure 1). The combustion engine has been used in automobiles since 1900 and continues today as technology improves without significant changes in design or operation.
As stated by the online courses on Electric Vehicles, to be considered an electric vehicle (EV), it must have at least one electric motor powering its wheels with electricity generated from an external source such as solar panels or wind turbines rather than using internal combustion engines (ICE).
Lithium-ion battery cells have a maximum and minimum allowable terminal voltage and current, as with any other electrical device. A discharge rate of 1C means the battery will be discharged in one hour. In this model, the main power losses in the battery are due to the internal resistance, and Ohm's law gives this power loss as.