All-electric vehicles (EVs), also called battery electric vehicles, hold an electric motor somewhat of an internal combustion engine. The vehicle employs a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor. It must be plugged into a wall outlet or charging equipment called electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). Because it operates on electricity, the vehicle articulates no exhaust from a tailpipe. As per the Electric vehicles certification courses, it does not contain the typical liquid fuel components, such as a fuel pump, fuel line, or fuel tank.
Vital Elements of an All-Electric Car

• Battery (all-electric auxiliary): The auxiliary battery provides electricity to power vehicle accessories in an electric drive vehicle.
• The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply to charge the traction battery pack.
• DC/DC converter: This device converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.
• Electric traction motor: Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor drives the vehicle's wheels. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.
• Onboard charger: Takes the incoming AC electricity supplied via the charge port and converts it to DC power for charging the traction battery. It also communicates with the charging equipment and monitors battery characteristics such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge while charging the pack.
• Power electronics controller: This unit manages the flow of electrical energy delivered by the traction battery, controlling the speed of the electric traction motor and the torque it produces.
• Thermal system (cooling): This system maintains an acceptable operating temperature range of the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other components.
• Traction battery pack: Stores electricity for use by the electric traction motor.
• Transmission (electric): The transmission transfers mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles
HEVs are powered by an internal detonation engine and an electric motor that uses energy stored in a battery. The vehicle is fueled with gasoline to operate the internal combustion engine, and the battery is charged through regenerative braking, not by plugging in.
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
PHEVs are powered by an internal combustion engine and an electric motor that uses energy stored in a battery. PHEVs can operate in all-electric (or charge-depleting) mode. To enable operation in all-electric mode, PHEVs require a larger battery plugged into an electric power source to charge. According to Electric vehicles training programs, to support a driver’s typical daily travel needs, most PHEVs can travel between 20 and 40 miles on electricity alone and then operate solely on gasoline, similar to a conventional hybrid.
All-Electric Vehicles
As stated by the startup guide for EV technology, EVs also called battery electric vehicles, charge a battery by plugging it into charging equipment. EVs always operate in all-electric mode and typically range from 150 to 300 miles.
Tax Credits and Incentives
Some plug-in hybrid and all-electric vehicles qualify for a 2,500 to 7,500 federal tax credit. Multiple states also deliver additional incentives for purchasing new PEVs.